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2007

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June

Soy and prostate cancer, June 2008
Pendleton JM, Tan WW, Anai S, et al.: Phase II Trial of Isoflavone in prostate specific antigen recurrent prostate cancer after previous local therapy. BMC Cancer, 8, 132, 2008

There is some suggestion of modest benefit of isoflavones in this pilot study. This was a single-group study with no control group. In the year before the study PSA increased 56% whereas during the year-long intervention, PSA increased only about 20%. The change was statistically significant. More specifically, the slope of PSA after study entry was significantly lower than that before study entry in 6 patients and the slope of PSA after study entry was significantly higher than before study entry in 2 patients. For the remaining 12 patients, the change in slope was statistically insignificant. Nearly two thirds of the patients were noted to have significant levels of free equol in their serum while on therapy, which is about twice the usual rate. More...

Hormonal profile of equol producers, June 2008
Atkinson C, Newton KM, Stanczyk FZ, et al. Daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes in relation to serum hormones and sex hormone binding globulin, and urinary estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 2008

There are two important findings from this study. The first is that the 27.5% of the women produced equol. This figure is in line with the literature but because of the much larger sample size in this study compared to all others, this figure carries considerable weight. Second, the finding that hormone concentrations did not differ between equol producers and non-producers means that should future studies show equol producers benefit more from soyfoods than non-producers it would not be because people who make equol are hormonally different from those who don't. There may however be as of yet other unidentified differences between the two groups. More...

Absorption of Vitamin D2 vs. Vitamin D3, June 2008
Gordon CM, Williams AL, Feldman HA, et al. Treatment of Hypovitaminosis D in Infants and Toddlers.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008

This study found that Vitamin D2 daily or weekly, or Vitamin D3 daily, combined with elemental calcium, appears to provide an effective, well-tolerated, and safe treatment for correcting hypovitaminosis D in infants and toddlers. Vitamin D2 is the form of Vitamin D commonly used in the fortification of vegetarian foods and beverages, including soy foods. More...

May

Soy and tomatoes for prostate cancer prevention, May 2008
Grainger EM, Schwartz SJ, Wang S, et al.
Nutr Cancer 60:(2), 145-54 (2008).

These findings suggest the combination of soy and tomato products may be helpful for prostate cancer patients. There were no effects on testosterone levels but there appeared to be a decrease in the rise in PSA levels and a decrease in serum vascular endothelial growth factor in the subjects. Although these are pilot data, the results are encouraging and are consistent with the findings of previous research examining the effects of this combination in the treatment of prostate cancer. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the efficacy of the combination of soy isoflavones and tomatoes/tomato extracts in prostate cancer prevention and management. More...

Soy intake and lung cancer, May 2008
Matsuo K, Hiraki A, Ito H, et al.
Cancer Sci (2008).

For two reasons, this study is quite interesting. First, it shows the importance of analyzing results according to genetic polymorphisms. If this had not been done, the association with soy intake would likely not have been apparent. Second, there was a dose response relationship between soy intake and decreased lung cancer risk. This gives additional credence to the findings. Often in epidemiologic studies examining health outcomes in relation to soy intake, when a protective effect is observed the relationship is monotonic, but that is not the case here. More...

Soy protein not associated with peanut allergy, May 2008
Koplin J, Dharmage SC, Gurrin L, et al.
J Allergy Clin Immunol (2008).

This is an interesting finding because it helps to dispel the previously reported notion that exposure to soy protein increases risk of developing peanut allergy. This study is a classic illustration of the importance of controlling for confounding variables, as what appeared to be a correlation was actually just a result of parents providing soy milk more often in infants with prior history or family history of allergies. More...

March

Isoflavone Absorption from Fermented versus Non-Fermented Soy, March 2008
Maskarinec G, Watts K, Kagihara J, Hebshi SM, Franke AA.
Br J Nutr

Although only urine and not blood was analyzed, the study provides very important information about isoflavone absorption. In this study, total isoflavone absorption was similar after consuming miso or soymilk. Thus, fermentation, which results in the hydrolysis of isoflavones, does not increase total isoflavone absorption although other data indicate that fermentation and the resulting conversion of glycosides to aglycones results in faster isoflavone absorption. Thus, the results do not support claims that fermented soyfoods are superior to those of unfermented soyfoods because isoflavones are absorbed to a greater extent in the former. More...

Lactase Insufficiency Increases Equol Production, March 2008
Tamura A, Shiomi T, Hachiya S, Shigematsu N, Hara H.
Clin Nutr

Equol has been proposed as an especially beneficial isoflavonoid. Equol-producers are thought to be potentially more likely to benefit more from soy than non-producers. About 25% of Westerners possess the intestinal bacteria capable of converting daidzein into equol. However, evidence suggests this percentage is higher among Asians. The present study shows that among Asians, those with lactase deficiency are more likely to produce equol than those who are lactase sufficient. If this relationship holds among non-Asians, it represents a possible explanation for the lower percentage of equol producers among non-Asians, since non-Asians are more likely to be lactase sufficient than Asians. This having been said, these findings should be considered preliminary because of the small sample size of the study. More...

Relationship Between Soy and Isoflavone Intake and Periodontal Disease, March 2008
Tanaka K, Sasaki S, Murakami K, Okubo H, Takahashi Y, Miyake Y
BMC Public Health

The finding that soy is inversely related to periodontal disease has not been previously reported and thus represents a potential new research area. Among these young Japanese women, soy intake was reported at 4.6 g/day, a relatively small amount that reflects the decreasing soy intake among younger people in Japan that has been reported. More...

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February

Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Soy Protein in Young People, February 2008
Weghuber D, Widhalm K.
Br J Nutr

This is one of the few cholesterol-lowering studies to include children and is therefore noteworthy. The reduction in total and LDL-cholesterol was quite significant and above and beyond that seen with a standard cholesterol-lowering diet. Unfortunately, it is not possible to tell from the study how much soy protein was consumed because it is based on body weight, and only BMI is presented. Substituting soy protein for animal protein in cholesterol-lowering diets may provide additional benefit in the prevention of early vascular disease in this high-risk population. More...

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January

Soy and Premenopausal Bone Mineral Density, January 15, 2008
Yoon Ju Song, Hee Young Paik, Hyojee Joung.
Nutrition Research

This is a relatively small study — it involved only 34 subjects, it was observational in nature and isoflavone intake among the Korean pre-menopausal women was only 8 mg/day. However, the authors cite two intervention trials (published in Korean) that, along with the current study, make the case that isoflavones may exert beneficial effects of the skeletal system of young women if in fact, they are underweight and, presumably, somewhat estrogen-deficient. Past research suggests (although it is not 100 percent consistent) that isoflavones will exert bone benefits only in post-menopausal women, because estrogen levels are low and bone loss is occurring. Thus, isoflavone-containing soy products may be of specific benefit to U.S. women who are consuming calorie-restricted diets or are overly thin. More...

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December

Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Soy Milk, December 2007
Gardner CD, Messina M, Kiazand A, Morris JL, Franke AA.
J Am Coll Nutr

This is an important study for several reasons. First, it compares a soy milk made with soy protein isolate with a soy milk made with whole soy beans. No difference was observed in regard to cholesterol-lowering effects. LDL-cholesterol was lowered by 5 percent in those consuming soy milk compared to dairy milk; of that, about one-third to half of the effect was due to the low saturated and higher polyunsaturated fat content of soy milks. Thus, under ideal conditions (elevated LDL) and good compliance, soy had a modest cholesterol-lowering effect. The study shows that if soy milk was substituted for dairy milk, the type of milk consumed by most people in the country, there would be a total reduction of five percent. That is certainly significant for making such a modest change. More...

Plasma Isoflavones and Breast Disease/Cancer, Dec. 16, 2007
Lampe JW, Nishino Y, Ray RM, et al.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
This research includes several important findings related to soy and isoflavones. Serum isoflavone levels were found to be markedly inversely related to the risk of breast cancer. Thus, these findings suggest soy intake is protective against breast cancer. However, previously published research from this cohort found that soy intake was unrelated to breast cancer risk. These seemingly conflicting findings suggest that assessing soy intake is not a good indicator of assessing the potential biological effects of isoflavones in epidemiologic (and even clinical) studies. The discrepant findings may simply be due to the difficulty of accurately assessing soy intake.

Alternatively, and more likely, the discrepancy exists because isoflavone metabolism varies so markedly among individuals that serum levels are a much more accurate reflection of tissue exposure than soy or isoflavone intake. This notion has been discussed extensively in the literature, but this study is the essentially the first involving a health outcome to actually demonstrate this is the case. As a result, previous epidemiologic studies in which soy intake or isoflavone intake was shown to be unrelated to breast cancer risk have to be viewed with considerable skepticism. These findings indicate that whenever possible, health outcomes in both clinical and epidemiologic studies should be analyzed according to serum isoflavone levels.

Finally, the data showing an inverse association between plasma isoflavone concentrations and risk of both proliferative and nonproliferative fibrocystic breast conditions, with and without breast cancer, suggest that soy exposure before or during breast involution may be important (i.e., early intake is key). Isoflavone concentrations did not differ between the women with fibrocystic breast conditions and the women with breast cancer. Although the sample size for this test was small, the clear lack of a difference suggests that soy exposure may reduce risk for both conditions. More...

Soy and Bone Mineral Density: Meta-Analysis, Dec. 4, 2007
Ma DF, Qin LQ, Wang PY, Katoh R.
Clin Nutr
This study is the first meta-analysis to examine the effect of isoflavones on bone mineral density. The clinical trial results showed that isoflavone intake significantly increased spinal bone mineral density at six, but not at 12 months. The lack of statistically significant effect at 12 months is a limitation of these findings, although it is unlikely there is a biological basis for this difference (lack of effect probably occurred by chance, and due to the nature of the studies that were 12 versus six months in duration). An important finding is that exposure to 90 mg/day of isoflavones was beneficial, whereas less than this amount was not. Ninety milligrams of isoflavones each day is a relatively high amount for most people, equivalent to approximately three servings of soy foods.
More...

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November

Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective
The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research recently released a new report entitled Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. This report is the result of a five-year examination of more than 7,000 studies by an international expert panel of scientists, and summarizes the research on how diet, physical activity and body composition may modify cancer risk The full report is available at http://www.dietandcancerreport.org.

Specific findings related to soy:

• The report recommends that the public "Eat mostly foods of plant origin" to prevent cancer, including legumes such as soy beans and soy products in the list along with fruits, vegetables and relatively unprocessed cereals. These, rather than foods of animal origin, are recommended to be the center of everyday meals.
• In the discussion of studies on pulses for the chapter on plant foods, the authors conceded that it is difficult to “detect an association between pulses, particularly soya intake, and cancer risk because consumption tends to be low.” The report notes that the evidence from the case-control studies is inconsistent, but presents two conclusions about soy and soy products that are important:
  • There is limited evidence suggesting that pulses (legumes), including soya and soya products, protect against stomach cancer.
  • There is limited evidence suggesting that pulses (legumes), including soya and soya products, protect against prostate cancer.
• Other recommendations include:
  • Be as lean as possible within the normal range of body weight, aiming for a BMI of 21-23.
  • Limit consumption of energy-dense foods and sugary drinks. Substituting soy foods for other higher fat, saturated fat and energy-dense foods is consistent with this recommendation.
  • Limit intake of red meat and avoid processed meat.
  • Limit alcoholic drinks to no more than 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women.
  • Limit consumption of sodium, aiming for less than 2,400 mg sodium per day.
  • Dietary supplements are not recommended for cancer prevention.
  • Cancer survivors should follow the same dietary recommendations for cancer prevention.

Below are two different but similar reports. The summary compares the two articles.

Soy and Heart Disease: Epidemiologic Studies (Chinese cross-sectional study), Nov. 16, 2007
Zhang B, Chen YM, Huang LL, et al.
Atherosclerosis 2007

Soy and Heart Disease: Epidemiologic Studies (Japanese prospective study), Nov. 27, 2007
Kokubo Y, Iso H, Ishihara J, Okada K, Inoue M, Tsugane S
Circulation 2007

Remembering that there are obvious limitations to epidemiologic research, the findings from these two studies are quite intriguing and exciting. In the Chinese cross-sectional study, soy intake was associated with lower bifurcation intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker for cardiovascular disease. The relationship was stronger in men than women and still held after controlling for a wide range of potentially confounding variables including age, BMI, waist circumference, smoking status, energy, saturated fat, fiber intake and blood pressure, but was attenuated after controlling for blood cholesterol levels. High soy protein intake was associated with 19 percent and 10 percent lower LDLC concentrations in men and women. Interestingly, in the Japanese prospective study, isoflavone (and soy) intake was inversely associated with risk of cerebral and myocardial infarction and cardiovascular disease in women, but not men. Therefore, although both studies report beneficial effects related to heart disease, there is some inconsistency between the two, as men benefited in the Chinese study and women in the Japanese study. However, the endpoints were different.

In placing these findings into perspective, it is important to note that in the Chinese study, the mean soy protein intake for men for the low and high tertiles were 0.64 and 7.48 g/d, respectively. There is reason for skepticism about whether ~8 g/d soy protein could directly result in such marked reductions in both cholesterol and IMT. In the Japanese study, the mean isoflavone intake for the low and high quintiles were 11.1 and 41.3 mg/d (~10 g). Certainly, it is reasonable to think that 41 mg isoflavones exert a biological effect. However, much of the risk reduction occurred between the first and second isoflavone intake quintiles; the intake difference between the two was only 7 mg. Still, no epidemiologic study produces perfect results and, in general, there was a dose-response effect in this study. Importantly, risk was still reduced after controlling for age; sex; smoking; alcohol use; BMI; history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus; medication use for hypercholesterolemia; education level; sports; dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, salt and energy; and menopausal status for women. Finally, in some sense, the fact that in the Japanese study risk was reduced in women but not men is actually supportive of a causal relationship, since the disparate findings between genders suggest isoflavones were not simply a marker of a healthy diet. If this were the case, one would have expected similar effects in both men and women. More on Chinese cross-sectional study... More on Japanese prospective study...

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October

Pro/Prebiotics, Soy and LDL
Larkin TA, Astheimer LB, Price WE.
J Nutr 2007

There are several important findings from this study. First, neither the use of prebiotics (resistant starch) nor probiotics affected isoflavone bioavailability. This finding is consistent with most previous research. The probiotic in this study was 100 ml yoghurt per day that contained 108 colony forming units (CFU) of each of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidus and Lactobacillus GG per 100 g daily serving.

The ingestion of soy protein itself lowered LDLC 4.1%; however, there is some confusion about how much soy protein was consumed in the test meal. The authors report that the soy products provided 10 g soy protein and 112 mg of isoflavones, which is not possible with an unfortified product, as the isoflavone:protein ratio in soybeans is 4:1.

If, in fact, the test meal contained only 10 g soy protein, the 4.1% reduction would be quite important, considering the FDA heart health claim is based upon consumption of 25 g soy protein per day. Soy plus resistant starch lowered LDLC 7.3%, significantly more than the 4.1% in the soy without resistant starch group. The addition of the probiotics did not appear to result in a similar increased cholesterol-lowering response. Note that there were 2.1% and 1.7% decreases in HDLC in the soy + resistant starch and the soy control groups, respectively. Thus, the net cardiovascular disease benefit is mitigated somewhat; however, the study still provides additional evidence of soy protein’s cholesterol-lowering effect. More...

Effect of ALA on Blood Pressure
Paschos GK, Magkos F, Panagiotakos DB, Votteas V, Zampelas A.
Eur J Clin Nutr 2007

ALA-rich flaxseed oil lowered blood pressure in this group of hyperlipidemic men. Systolic blood pressure appears to have decreased by 9% in the ALA-supplemented group. Participants consumed 8 grams of ALA per day – further research is needed to determine if this benefit would also occur and to what extent with lower intakes of ALA. Soy beans and soy foods are naturally rich in ALA, which is an essential fatty acid that is thought to be beneficial for heart health.

More...

Soygerm, Equol and CVD Risk Factors
Clerici C, Setchell KD, Battezzati PM, et al.
J Nutr 2007
The findings as described above are truly impressive. On all measures examined: LDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein, arterial stiffness, and isoprostanes, the pasta fortified with soygerm (isoflavones but essentially no protein) led to statistically significant improvements compared to the conventional unfortified pasta. These results are unique in that previous research generally shows that isoflavones on their own exert little cholesterol-lowering effects. Similarly, isoflavones have not been shown to lower C-reactive protein. The authors attribute the findings to the high proportion (70%) of equol-producers among the subjects. They also suggest the high number of equol producing subjects - normally only 20-30% of Westerners produce equol - is because the isoflavones were present as aglycones which enhanced the conversion of daidzein (as opposed to daidzin) into equol. The isoflavones were present as aglycones because the beta-glucosidase naturally present in the Durham wheat hydrolyzed the glycosides. The authors also suggest the wheat may have had a prebiotic effects thereby increasing the numbers of bacteria capable of making equol. In any event, the notion that the impressive results stem from the high number of equol producers among the subjects and that this was because the isoflavones were present as aglycones is highly speculative although also highly intriguing. More ...

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September

Omega-3 and Type 1 Diabetes
Norris JM, Yin X, Lamb MM, et al.
JAMA 2007
The finding that omega-3 fatty acids - based on both dietary intake and erythrocyte membrane content - are protective against islet autoimmunity is not surprising given that omega-3 fatty acids are substrates for the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. Conversely, high omega-6 intake was associated with an increased risk. Interestingly in this study, the intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and ALA membrane content was at least as protective as the long chain omega-3s. The findings suggest that consumption of soy foods that are naturally high in omega-3 fatty acids may reduce risk. Soy products with added DHA may offer even more protective effects. More ...

Isoflavones and Rotavirus Infection
Andres A, Donovan SM, Kuhlenschmidt TB, Kuhlenschmidt MS.
J Nutr
This is a preliminary study which shows that an isoflavone present in SBIF and other soy products may reduce the infectivity of RV, a common virus which causes gastroenteritis in virtually all children. To date, there are no epidemiological or experimental data on the incidence of RV infection between infants fed cow’s milk-based or soy-based infant formulas, thus future studies are warranted to examine the in vivo efficacy of individual isoflavones and isoflavones consumed within the matrix of a SBIF on RV infectivity. More ...

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August

Soymilk, Dairy Milk and Muscle Accretion
Hartman JW, Tang JE, Wilkinson SB, et al.
Am J Clin Nutr
The finding that fat mass decreased to a greater extent in the milk (-5.5%) and control (-3.4%) groups compared to the soy group (-1.5%) is surprising. The fact that strength did not differ between the soy and milk groups is good news however, the Type I and II muscle fiber area and lean mass increased in the milk group more than the soy group. The subjects in this study were untrained; therefore results may not be relevant to trained individuals. Furthermore, it’s unknown whether these gains would continue over a longer period of time; therefore further investigation needs to be conducted in this area. More ...

Isoflavones and Prostate Cancer
Nagata Y, Sonoda T, Mori M, et al.
J Nutr
This is a small (total subjects only 400) but impressive Japanese case-control study showing isoflavone intake inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer. In addition, it adds to the overall epidemiologic literature on this subject that is modestly supportive of protective effects. More ...

July

Isoflavone Bioavailability and Probiotics
Larkin TA, Price WE, Astheimer LB.
Nutrition
The finding that neither probiotics nor prebiotics affect isoflavone metabolism is consistent with the literature with the exception of one study that found probiotics decreased isoflavone excretion. The authors suggested this result indicated absorption was increased but the justification for this conclusion was not clear and seems to be the opposite of what the findings suggest (In Vivo 2007;21:507-12). More ...

Isoflavones and Bone Health
Zhang G, Qin L, Shi Y.
J Bone Miner Res
This is a very interesting study and results because it was two years in duration, and the phytoestrogens derived from Epimedium, a Chinese medicinal plant, were shown to be quite effective at reducing bone loss at both the hip and spine in comparison to the placebo. These results are similar to the results from Marini et al (2007) showing that genistein reduced bone loss in postmenopausal women thereby adding to the notion that phytoestrogens exert skeletal benefits. However, although the product does actually contain genistein and daidzein, the primary active flavonoid is icariin. More ...
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June

Isoflavone and Endometrial Tissue – Safety
Palacios S, Pornel B, Bergeron C, et al.
Menopause
Interesting study because the intent of it was specifically to examine endometrial safety, and because it was one year in duration and included more than 300 women. There were no indications that 70 mg isoflavones daily exerted estrogenic effects as judged by endometrial thickness and endometrial tissue histology (biopsies were taken). However, there are two major caveats – 1) the 70 mg refers to the glycoside weight (personal communication) so the amount of biologically active isoflavone administered was only ~42 mg and 2) the product used was derived from soygerm so it contained very little genistein. Therefore, the results really cannot be extrapolated to soyfoods. More ...

Soy, Mammary Cancer and Tamoxifen
Mai Z, Blackburn GL, Zhou JR.
Carcinogenesis
This study helps to allay concerns that soy/isoflavones are contraindicated for women at a high risk of breast cancer or for breast cancer patients. This concern is based primarily on the work by Dr. William Helferich. More ...

Genistein and Bone Health
Marini H, Minutoli L, Polito F, et al.
Ann Intern Med
This is, simply put, the most important isoflavone-related study to be published to date. It deals with an important public health issue, osteoporosis, and one for which efficacious treatments can be definitively identified (via bone mineral density and even fracture), unlike cancer, which involves a lot of guesswork because the available intermediary markers are less predictive of risk than bone density. More ...

Soy and Weight Loss
Liao FH, Shieh MJ, Yang SC, Lin SH, Chien YW.
Nutrition
Subjects consumed 45 g soy protein or the control diet containing 15 g soy protein plus 30 g animal protein. Over the 8 wk period, weight loss was similar in both groups, but body fat loss was greater in the soy compared to the control group. There was also a greater reduction in LDL-C in the soy group although triglycerides went down only half as much. More ...

Soyfoods and Ovarian Cancer
Sakauchi F, Khan MM, Mori M, et al.
Nutr Cancer
This large prospective study found that tofu intake was associated with a decreased risk of ovarian cancer. However, upon adjustment for age, menopausal status, number of pregnancies, history of sex hormone use, BMI, physical activity and education, the inverse relationship was no longer statistically significant, although the hazard ratio when comparing the third versus first tertile of intake was 0.61. More ...
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May

Soy Nuts and Blood Pressure
Welty FK, Lee KS, Lew NS, Zhou JR.
Arch Intern Med
This study found a remarkable decrease in blood pressure in response to the consumption ½ cup soynuts (25 g soy protein) daily for eight weeks. There were, however, differences in the saturated and polyunsaturated fat content of the two experimental diets, but it is unlikely these differences could account for the reduction in blood pressure. However, they would have contributed to the reduction in LDLC. More ...

In Utero Exposure to Maternal Diets Containing Soy Protein Isolate, But Not Genistein Alone, Protects Young Adult Rat Offspring From NMU-Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis
Su Y, Eason RR, Geng Y, Till S, Badger TM, Simmen RC.
Carcinogenesis
The number of tumor parameters examined makes reaching general conclusions difficult, but the key findings are summarized. Exposure to genistein in utero, SPI in utero, or SPI throughout life are each at least mildly protective against one or more parameters of MNU-induced mammary tumors in comparison to casein throughout life. Thus, some soy or genistein exposure is beneficial relative to casein. Second, genistein exposure in utero is not as protective as SPI exposure in utero. Thus, genistein does not equal SPI. And third, it is not clear whether SPI in utero is more or less protective than SPI throughout life; this depends on which tumor parameter is considered. More ...

Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Endometriosis: Interaction With Estrogen Receptor 2 Gene Polymorphism
Tsuchiya M, Miura T, Hanaoka T, Iwasaki M, Sasaki H, Tanaka T, Nakao H, Katoh T, Ikenoue T, Kabuto M, Tsugane S.
Epidemiology
Endometriosis is a benign, proliferative disease in which tissue similar to endometrial tissue is found outside the uterus — usually in the pelvic cavity, but sometimes in distant organs. Endometriosis is commonly accompanied by pelvic pain and infertility. More ...

Effect of Soy Nuts on Blood Pressure and Lipid Levels in Hypertensive, Prehypertensive, and Normotensive Postmenopausal Women
Welty FK, Lee KS, Lew NS, Zhou JR.
Arch Intern Med.
This study found a remarkable decrease in blood pressure in response to the consumption of a half a cup of soy nuts (25 g soy protein) daily for eight weeks. There were, however, differences in the saturated and polyunsaturated fat content of the two experimental diets, but it is unlikely these differences could account for the reduction in blood pressure. More ...
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April

AJCN Study on Heart Health
A substantial body of research – more than 80 human trials over the past 30 years – has been conducted investigating the effects of soy intake on cardiovascular health, with the general finding being that soy protein can help lower LDL (bad) cholesterol between at least 3 and 5 percent. More ...

Effect of a Daily Supplement of Soy Protein on Body Composition and Insulin Secretion in Postmenopausal Women
Sites CK, Cooper BC, Toth MJ, Gastaldelli A, Arabshahi A, Barnes S.
Fertil Steril
This reduction in the gain in abdominal fat by soy compared with placebo occurred despite similar changes in weight and total body fat between groups and persists after statistical adjustment for insignificant increases in total body fat. The authors suggested that isoflavones may have a greater response on subcutaneous compared with visceral adipocytes because they may have preferentially stimulated ERß. More ...
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